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From short-term store to multicomponent working memory : the role of the modal model
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Competition for the focus of attention in visual working memory : perceptual recency versus executive control
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Maintaining task set against distraction: The role of working memory in multitasking.
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Is the Levels of Processing effect language-limited?
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Abstract:
The concept of Levels of Processing (LOP), proposing that deep coding enhances retention,has played a central role in the study of episodic memory. Evidence has however been based almost entirely on retention of individual words. Across five experiments, we compare LOP effects between visual and verbal stimuli, using judgments of pleasantness as a method of inducing deep encoding and a range of shallow encoding judgments selected so as to be applicable to both verbal and visual stimuli. LOP effects were consistent but modest across the visual stimuli (mean effect size 0.5). In contrast, LOP effects for verbal stimuli varied widely, from modest for people’s names and unfamiliar animals (mean effect size 0.6) to large for familiar animals and household items (mean effect size 1.4), typical of the dramatic LOP effects that characterize the existing verbal literature. We interpret our data through the Gibsonian concept of ‘‘affordance”, proposing that visual and verbal stimuli vary in the number and richness of features they afford, and that access to such features will in turn depend on encoding strategy. Our hypothesis links readily with Nairne’s feature model of long-term memory.
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URL: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/100428/ https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/100428/1/Is_the_levels_of_processing_effect_language_limited.pdf
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Is the phonological similarity effect in working memory due to proactive interference?
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Executive control of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention in visual working memory
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Synergies between processing and memory in children's reading span.
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